نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه ترویج و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکترا، گروه ترویج و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 استاد، گروه ترویج و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

کمبود منابع آب، عدم تخصیص مناسب آب و همچنین الگوی کشت غیر بهینه، از مهم‌ترین مشکلات بخش کشاورزی دشت سیستان در استان سیستان و بلوچستان هستند. بر همین اساس، هدف اصلی این پژوهش تعیین الگوی کشت بهینه محصولات کشاورزی با درنظرگرفتن آب مجازی و ردپای آب و ارزیابی تأثیر آن بر مصرف آب در این منطقه بود. برای این کار بر اساس نوع و سطح زیر کشت محصولات کشاورزی شاخص‌های آب مجازی و ردپای آب سبز، آبی و خاکستری برای کمّی‌سازی مصرف آب در منطقه سیستان محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از مدل برنامه‌ریزی آرمانی فازی الگوی بهینه کشت محصولات با درنظرگرفتن آب مجازی و ردپای آب تعیین شد. نتایج حاصل از مدل بهینه‌سازی تحت رویکرد پویایی سیستم در محیط Vensim PLE8.3.5 آزمایش شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد محتوای آب مجازی محصولات کشاورزی در این منطقه m3/kg  69/2 است. تقاضای آب محصولات کشاورزی MCM 1019 در سال است که 62% آن تأمین می‌شود. پس از بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت، تقاضای آب به  MCM 600 در سال کاهش می‌یابد که 89% آن تأمین می‌شود. همچنین بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت باعث افزایش تأمین آب بخش محیط‌زیست از  138 به MCM 240 در سال شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Optimizing Cultivation Pattern of Agricultural Crops on Water Consumption Management Under Virtual Water and Water Footprint Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Esfandiyari 1
  • Shapour Zarifian 2
  • Amir Isanezhad 3
  • Hossein Raheli 4

1 M.Sc. Alumnus, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Assoc. Professor, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

3 Ph.D Alumnus, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

The main challenges facing the agricultural sector in Sistan plain include scarcity of water resources, inadequate water rationing, and suboptimal cultivation patterns. Based on this, the main objective of this study was to determine the optimal cultivation pattern of agricultural crops by considering the virtual water and water footprint and assessing the impact on water consumption in this region. To achieve this objective, virtual water indicators and green, blue and gray water footprints of agricultural crops were calculated to quantify water consumption in the Sistan region. Then, considering the virtual water and water footprint, the optimal pattern of plant cultivation was determined using a fuzzy ideal programming model. The optimization model results were tested based on a system dynamics approach in the Vensim PLE8.3.5 software. The results showed that the virtual water content of agricultural products in this region was 2.69 m3/kg. The annual water requirement of agricultural crops was 1019 MCM, of which 62% is met. After optimizing the cultivation pattern, the water requirement reduced to 600 MCM per year, of which 89% is supplied. Additionally, the optimization of cultivation patterns increased water supply to the environmental sector from 138 to 240 MCM per year.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • System Dynamics
  • Virtual Water
  • Water Footprint
  • Water Scarcity
Allan, J. A. (1992). The Strategic Importance of Water Resources. Philosophical Transactions: Phys. Sci. Eng,, 341(1661). DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0303
Akhavan, K., Kheiry, M., Abbasi, S., daneshfaraz, R., & Kalateh, F. (2023). Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance and Operation of Sluice and Neyrpic Modules in Water Distribution Canals (Case Study: Moghan Irrigation Network, Ardabil). Irrig. Water Eng., 13(3), 1-22. DOI:  10.22098/mmws.2023.11899.1186
Amini, A., Porhemmat, J., & Sedri, H. (2020). Investigating the physical and economic efficiency of water in major crops in the Talvar Watershed, Kurdistan, Iran. Watershed Eng. Manage., 12(2), 481-491. DOI:  10.22092/ijwmse.2019.123085.1534 [In Persian].
Arefinia, A., & Ahmadaali, K. (2020). Investigating the impacts of latitude on virtual water content of major crops in the eastern provinces of Iran. J. Water Soil Resour. Conserv., 10(1), 113-128.
Bozorg-Haddad, O., Dehghan, P., Zolghadr-Asli, B., Singh, V. P., Chu, X., & Loáiciga, H. A. (2022). System dynamics modeling of lake water management under climate change. Sci. Report., 12(1), 5828. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09212-x
Cao, X., Bao, Y., Li, Y., Li, J., & Wu, M. (2023). Unravelling the effects of crop blue, green and grey virtual water flows on regional agricultural water footprint and scarcity. Agri.Water Manage., 278. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108165
Daghighi, A., Nahvi, A., & Kim, U. (2017). Optimal cultivation pattern to increase revenue and reduce water use: application of linear programming to arjan plain in fars province. Agri., 7(9), 73. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture7090073
Dai, C., Qin, X. S., & Lu, W. T. (2021). A fuzzy fractional programming model for optimizing water footprint of crop planting and trading in the Hai River Basin, China, J. Clean. Product., 278. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123196.
Ding, X., Wang, S., & Chen, B. (2019). The blue, green and grey water consumption for crop production in heilongjiang, Energy Procedia, 158, 3908-3914. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.853.
Fathi, F., & Zibaei, M. (2020). Optimal crop pattern management in firozabad plain according to water and soil sustainability by applying fuzzy mathematical programming. J. Agri. Sci. Sustain. Product.,, 30(3), 331-345. DOI: 20.1001.1.24764310.1399.30.3.19.4
Ghorbani, K., Meftah Halaghi, M., Keramatzadeh, A., & Salarijazi, M. (2020). Crop pattern optimization by using Goal programming (case study: Gharesoo basin). J. Water Soil Conserv., 27(1), 163-180. DOI: 10.22069/jwsc.2020.16875.3223
Hekmatnia, M., Hosseini, S. M., & safdari, M. (2020). Water resource management of the agricultural sector in Sistan and Baluchestan Province: a virtual water perspective. Irrig. Water Eng.11(1), 137-149. DOI: 10.22125/iwe.2020.114958
Hekmatnia, M., hosseini, S. M., & safdari, M. (2020). Water use assessment of date in Sistan and Balouchestan Province based on the concept of virtual water. Iran. J.  Soil Water Res., 51(2), 513-524. DOI: 10.22059/ijswr.2019.289422.668322
Hekmatnia, M., Safdari, M., Ahmadi, A., & Monibi, H. (2022). National savings in freshwater consumption in Iran by virtual water imports (a case study on cereals). Water Environ. J., 36(4), 656-666. DOI: 10.1111/wej.12805
Hekmatnia, M., Safdari, M., Hosseini, S. M., & Sardar Shahraki, A. (2021). Agricultural water use management of Sistan region under virtual water approach using WEAP Model. Environ. Water Eng., 7(3), 465-476. DOI: 10.22034/jewe.2021.270472.1506
Hoekstra, A., Chapagain, A. K., Aldaya, M. M., & Mekonnen, M. M. (2011). The water footprint assessment manual setting the global standard. ‎ Routledge publication; 1st edition
Isanezhad, A., Zarifian, S., raheli, H & Pourmasoumi Langarudi, S. (2024). Participatory system dynamics modeling for groundwater resources management (study area of Marand Plain, Iran). Water Soil Manage. Model., 4(1), 262-284. [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22098/mmws.2023.12372.1232
Kobuliev, M., Liu, T., Kobuliev, Z., Chen, X., Gulakhmadov, A., & Bao, A. (2021). Effect of future climate change on the water footprint of major crops in southern Tajikistan, Region. Sustain., 2(1), 60-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2021.01.004.
Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2020). Sustainability of the blue water footprint of crops. Adv. Water Resour., 143, 103679. DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103679
Mohammadzadeh, A., Vafabakhsh, J., Mahdavi Damghani, A., & Deihimfard, R. (2022). Optimal land allocation to crop production in different decision priorities and water availability scenarios: East Azerbaijan province of Iran. Arch. Agronom. Soil Sci., 68(5), 597-614. DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2020.1843637
Novoa, V., Rojas, O., Ahumada-Rudolph, R., Arumí, J. L., Munizaga, J., de la Barrera, F., & Rojas, C. (2023). Water footprint and virtual water flows from the Global South: Foundations for sustainable agriculture in periods of drought. Sci. Total Environ., 161526. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161526
Qi, J. Y., Yang, S. T., Xue, J. F., Liu, C. X., Du, T. Q., Hao, J. P., & Cui, F. Z. (2018). Response of carbon footprint of spring maize production to cultivation patterns in the Loess Plateau, China. J. Clean. Product., 187, 525-536. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.184
Ramroudi, M., Rezaee asl, M., ahmadpour borazjani, M., & Marzban, Z. (2023). Assessing of cropping pattern in the Sistan region with emphasis on optimal water distribution. J. Agri. Sci. Sustain. Product., 32(4), 269-284. DOI: 10.22034/saps.2022.49251.2779
Shafa, N. S., Babazadeh, H., Aghayari, F., & Saremi, A. (2023). Multi-objective planning for optimal exploitation of surface and groundwater resources through development of an optimized cropping pattern and artificial recharge system. Ain Shams Eng. J., 14(2), 101847. DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2022.101847
Song, J.-H., Her, Y., Jun, S. M., Hwang, S., Park, J., & Kang, M.-S. (2019). Lessons from assessing uncertainty in agricultural water supply estimation for sustainable rice production. Agronom., 9(10), 662. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9100662
Vafabakhsh, J., Mohammadzade, A., Bazargan, K., & Navidi, M. N. (2018). Comparative study of cropping pattern and land suitability of major horticultural and field crops in the Urmia Lake Basin. J. Agroecol., 11(3), 755-805. DOI: 10.22067/jag.v11i3.83152
World Economic Forum. (2020). Global Competitiveness Report Special Edition 2020: How Countries are Performing on the Road to Recovery.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, J-H., Tian, Q., Liu, Z-H., & Zhang, H-L. (2018) Virtual water trade of agricultural products: a new perspective to explore the belt and road. Sci. Total Environ., 622–623:988–996. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.351